Este 25 de Septiembre se cumplen 57 años del vil y criminal Golpe de Estado contra el primer gobierno constitucional y democrático que se dio el país, luego del derrocamiento de la dictadura de Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, presidido por el Profesor Juan Bosch, electo con casi el 60% de los votos emitidos en las Elecciones Generales del 20 de Diciembre de 1962, con apenas siete meses en el poder. El mismo fue apoyado por la oligarquía empresarial, los altos jefes militares, la Unión Cívica Nacional, por algunos de sus compañeros de partido, la Embajada de los Estados Unidos y lamentablemente, por la jerarquía de la iglesia católica.
El Presidente Bosch tuvo que soportar permanentemente, un fuego cruzado de estos poderes fácticos, los cuales conspiraron contra él, contra su gobierno y contra la democracia durante su campaña, en la transición, proclamación y durante los siete meses que precariamente pudo permanecer en el poder. Esto se puede comprobar con los documentos de los archivos desclasificados por los Estados Unidos, que dio a conocer recientemente el escritor, economista e historiador Bernardo Vega.
Esta fecha no podemos permitir que pase desapercibida, por aquello de que “Los pueblos que no son capaces de recordar su pasado, están condenados a repetirlo”. Consideramos que las presentes y futuras generaciones deben conocer sobre este fatal acontecimiento de nuestra historia reciente, así como las causas, consecuencias y los autores del mismo, algunos de los cuales viven aún. Este hecho le generó a nuestro país, según los entendidos en la materia, un retroceso de más de 50 años en lo económico, político, social e institucional.
Durante la transición, Bosch viajó por los Estados Unidos, Europa, Asia y América Latina, reuniéndose con los Presidentes John F. Kennedy, Charles de Gaulle, entre otros, en busca de ayudas y financiamiento para obras de infraestructuras de desarrollo para nuestro país, como: presas, zonas francas, industrias, escuelas vocacionales, autopistas, aeropuertos, acueductos, tendidos eléctricos, centros educativos, hospitales, becas para estudiantes, así como de técnicos e inversionistas para la agricultura y el turismo.
Fue el primer presidente dominicano en realizar un periplo por el mundo en busca de tecnologías avanzadas, ya que el país carecía de las mismas.
La Constitución con la cual gobernó el Presidente Bosch, conocida como la “Constitución del 63”, de la cual fue su principal ideólogo, fue respetada hasta el último día de su gobierno, considerada como la más progresista, la más avanzada, la más democrática y la de mayor justicia social.
Durante los siete meses de su gobierno, Juan Bosch evitó que las riquezas que el pueblo dominicano logró preservar de la dictadura de Trujillo, fueran festinadas y repartidas entre los sectores de la oligarquía. Durante su gestión no se maltrató, apresó, persiguió, golpeó ni se mató a nadie; no permitió que un solo centavo del presupuesto fuera a parar a los bolsillos de alguien, pues enfrentó con energía los pocos actos de corrupción que se produjeron; implementó la austeridad, pues evitó el derroche (redujo los gastos y los salarios, comenzando por él); pagó casi la totalidad de la deuda externa; aumentó el presupuesto para la educación y la salud.
Se gestionó la construcción de la Refinería Dominicana de Petróleo, las Presas de Tavera y Valdesia; la Zona Franca y una Planta Eléctrica para Puerto Plata; se inició el Acueducto de Santo Domingo y la reforestación del país; se distribuyeron miles de tareas de tierra a los campesinos a través de las Villas de la Libertad, las cuales incluían viviendas y escuelas. Se fundó el Consejo de Empresarios e Industriales del País, lo que es hoy el CONEP (Consejo Nacional de la Empresa Privada); se autorizó la primera institución financiera privada del país: El Banco Popular y se aprobó la ley que regula el cooperativismo.
Para un país en vía de desarrollo como el nuestro, cuando se interrumpe o se quiebra el orden constitucional, toma mucho tiempo para recuperarse. Por eso, a pesar de haber transcurrido ya 56 años de aquel fatídico Golpe de Estado, todavía hoy continuamos padeciendo las consecuencias catastróficas de ese imperdonable y bochornoso hecho, pues aún arrastramos una gran deuda social acumulada.
Si aún confrontamos graves problemas sociales y económicos; si en 1965 libramos una guerra civil entre dominicanos, exigiendo la reposición del Presidente Bosch, la cual fue abortada por la invasión de más de cuarenta y dos mil marines de Estados Unidos; si hoy no hemos podido cumplir con todos losObjetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles,exigidos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), se debe precisamente a este abominable acontecimiento, que llenó de sangre, luto y dolor a nuestro país, por lo que debe ser dado a conocer a las presentes y futuras generaciones para que no se quede en el olvido.
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